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Mondo film is a subgenre of exploitative . Many mondo films are pseudo-documentaries and usually depict topics, scenes, or situations. Common traits of mondo films include portrayals of foreign cultures (which have drawn accusations of or racism),Kerekes & Slater, p. 108. an emphasis on subjects such as death and sex, and staged sequences presented as genuine documentary footage. Over time, the films have placed increasing emphasis on footage of the dead and dying (both real and fake). Mondo New York (1988) The New York Times

The term mondo is Italian for . The term shockumentary is also used to describe the genre.

Mondo films began to soar in popularity in the 1960s with the releases of (1962), Women of the World (1963) and (1966). The genre arguably reached its peak with Faces of Death (1978), a film that inspired myriad imitators, such as Banned from Television, , and the Traces of Death and Faces of Gore series.


History
Although earlier films such as Alessandro Blasetti's ( Europe by Night or European Nights, 1959) and ( World by Night, 1960) may be considered examples of the genre,Kerekes & Slater, p. 102. the origins of the mondo documentary are generally traced to the 1962 film ( A Dog's World—a mild Italian ) by , Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi which was a commercial success. Mondo Cane (1962) The New York Times Revisiting a Cinematic Smackdown, and Other Avant-Garde Pleasures The New York Times, October 1, 2009 Mondo Cane Variety Reviews, December 31, 1961

Documentary films imitating Mondo Cane in the 1960s often included the term mondo in their titles, even if they were in English; examples include Mondo Bizarro, Mondo Daytona, Mondo Mod, Mondo Infame and .Kerekes & Slater, p. 107. Films outside the genre followed suit: , Mondo Weirdo: A Trip to Paranoia Paradise, Kerekes & Slater, p. 109. and Mondo Brutale (a German release of 's The Last House on the LeftKerekes & Slater, p. 315.) title themselves mondo, although none are mondo documentaries. Later in the decade, this naming convention began to fall out of favour and fewer mondo films identified themselves as such in their titles. Filmmakers wanted to top each other in shock value to attract audiences. Cruelty to animals, accidents, tribal-initiation rites and surgeries are features of a typical mondo. Much of the action is staged, although the filmmakers may claim their goal is to document "reality". Subjects of mondo films include sex ( Mondo Sex and Mondo Sexualis USA); celebrities ( Mondo Elvis and Mondo Lugosi); youth culture ( Mondo Teeno) and the gay subculture ( Mondo Rocco).

's film was one of the few "documentaries" restricted to the old circuit in the pre-VCR era; it explored in 1960s , at a time when strip clubs were a novelty in the United States, restricted to centers of port-city decadence (such as San Francisco). Other examples of this genre include Mondo New York by Harvey Keith, Mondo di Notte by Gianni Proia and Mondo Balordo by Roberto Bianchi Montero.

The 1970s and 1980s saw a resurgence of mondo movies focusing almost exclusively on (onscreen) death, instead of world cultures. The Faces of Death series is a notable example of this type of mondo (or "death") movie. The producers used fake footage (passed off as real), but some of the footage was legitimate (including scenes of autopsies, suicides and accidents). The is arguably an offshoot of the mondo film.

The rare 1985 film Mondo Senza Veli ( World Without Veils or Mondo Fresh) was purported by viewers to feature at its end the brutal execution of a young Arab rapist by public rectal impalement. This episode was, however, believed to have been a staged execution by some viewers.

Mondo films in the 21st century feature gore, exemplified by the Faces of Gore and Traces of Death series. There is less fake footage, and many use news footage of accidents from .

The late 2010s saw another resurgence, beginning with the Bootleg Death Tape series and Faces of Dying series from filmmaker , which both involved various independent directors from around the world.

In 2015 a new take on the Mondo shockumentary genre came via a short film titled Cibo Di Violenza at a run time of 12 minutes, this film is listed as Cibo Di Violenza in Italian and translated as food of violence in English, both the director Bazz Hancher and co-writer Mike Lima are English.

A number of films have parodied the genre. Examples include Ricardo Fratelli's Mondo Ford, Mr. Mike's Mondo Video by Saturday Night Lives Michael O'Donoghue, and Is There Sex After Death? by Jeanne and . Mondo Beyondo spoofed the films' approach to titling, but was a parody of satellite television.Kerekes & Slater, p. 155.


Films
The original mondo film series was the Mondo Cane series by Gualtiero Jacopetti, , and Franco Prosperi. When this type of film proved successful, many imitators followed.

+ Jacopetti and Prosperi
! scope="row"1962ItalyGualtiero Jacopetti
Paolo Cavara
Franco E. Prosperi
108 minutesR-rated run time 85 minutes; a.k.a. A Dog's Life
La donna nel mondo ! scope="row"1963Riz Ortolani
107 minutesa.k.a. Women of the World
Mondo Cane 2 ! scope="row"1963Gualtiero Jacopetti
Franco Prosperi
Nino Oliviero95 minutesR-rated run time 76 minutes; a.k.a. Mondo Pazzo
! scope="row"1966Riz Ortolani139 minutesUnrated English version 128 minutes; R-rated version 80 minutes; a.k.a. Africa: Blood & Guts, Farewell Africa
Addio Zio Tom ! scope="row"1971136 minutesUnrated English version 123 minutes; a.k.a. Goodbye Uncle Tom

The pair's (1975) is not a mondo film; the title was imposed on them by the studio, who wished to cash in on their earlier successes. The film is a retelling of 's novel, .

In the late 1980s, (a.k.a. Max Steele) made two spin-offs of the original series, known as Mondo Cane 3 and Mondo Cane 4 on video.

+ Max Steele
Mondo cane oggi - L'orrore continua ! scope="row"1986ItalyStelvio Massi78 minutesa.k.a. Mondo Cane 3
Mondo cane 2000 - L'incredibile ! scope="row"1988G. Crisanti73 minutesa.k.a. Mondo Cane 4

In 1969, brothers Angelo and Alfredo Castiglioni began to make a series of their own mondo films until the early 1980s. They made five films in all, tying Jacopetti and Prosperi as the most prolific mondo film producers. Each film examines brutal and bizarre behavior on the African continent. Their films are considered some of the most graphic mondo films ever made.

(2026). 9781904764625, Wallflower Press. .

+ Castiglioni brothers
Africa segreta ! scope="row"1969Italy Angelo Francesco Lavagninoa.k.a. Secret Africa; uncut run time 103 min
Africa ama ! scope="row"1971a.k.a. Africa Uncensored
Magia nuda ! scope="row"1975Ciro Dammicco (credited as Zacar)a.k.a. Mondo Magic
Addio ultimo uomo ! scope="row"1978a.k.a. The Last Savage
Africa dolce e selvaggia ! scope="row"1982a.k.a. Shocking Africa

, cinematographer to Prosperi and Jacopetti in many mondo films, joined in 1974 to produce their own string of mondo films, known as the "Savage Trilogy". Prosperi also produced the films. Climati and Morra were known for staging scenes.

+ Savage Trilogy
Ultime grida dalla savana ! scope="row"1975Italy a.k.a. Savage Man Savage Beast; uncut run time 94 min
! scope="row"1976 a.k.a. This Violent World
Dolce e selvaggio ! scope="row"1983Daniele Patucchia.k.a. Sweet and Savage

The 1978 Faces of Death popularized a mondo style known as "death films", which depicted humans or animals dying in graphic ways.

+ John Alan Schwartz
The Faces of Death series ! scope="row"1978–1991John Alan SchwartzJohn Alan SchwartzFour parts
The Worst of Faces of Death ! scope="row"1991Compilation of first three Faces of Death films
! scope="row"1999 Documentary about Faces of Death

Uwe Schier bought the rights to the Mondo Cane and Faces of Death films and released his own entries in both series, consisting largely of footage lifted from other mondo films. Faces of Death V draws heavily on Death Scenes; Faces of Death VI consists almost entirely of Days of Fury and Mondo Cane IV (not to be confused with Mondo Cane 2000, l'Incredibile, Schier's Mondo Cane IV is in fact the fifth film in the series) lifts from other films (including and ).Kerekes & Slater, pp. 156–158. In 1993, Hurricane Pictures edited a mix of scenes featured in Addio ultimo uomo and Shocking Africa, labeling it the "fifth chapter" of the saga ( Teil V in German).

+ Uwe Schier
Mondo Cane IV ! scope="row"1992Germany
Mondo Cane teil V ! scope="row"1993a.k.a. Mondo Cane 5
Faces of Death V ! scope="row"1995
Faces of Death VI ! scope="row"1996

Several imitators followed the Faces of Death series; many used (or were composed entirely of) footage from other mondo films.

+ Faces of Death imitators
The series ! scope="row"1989–1993Nick Bougas Richard Gibson, Peter H. GilmoreThree parts
The Traces of Death series ! scope="row"1993–2000Damon FoxVariousFive parts
The Banned from Television series ! scope="row"1998 Three parts; released in the US by .
The Banned! In America series ! scope="row"1998–2003Nomo Ichi Delta 9Six parts; released in the US by Brain Damage Films.
The Faces of Gore series ! scope="row"1999–2000Todd Tjersland Three parts
Best of Faces of Gore ! scope="row"2000 Compilation video

Other mondo films and movies influenced by the genre were released.

+ Other films
Ecco ! scope="row"1963ItalyGianni ProiaR.W CresseRiz Ortolania.k.a. This Shocking World
Mondo nudo ! scope="row"1963ItalyFrancesco De FeoGian Carlo Fusco
Giuseppe Marotta
a.k.a. Naked World
I tabù ! scope="row"1963ItalyRomolo MarcelliniUgo Guerra a.k.a. Taboos of the World
Hollywood's World of Flesh ! scope="row"1963United StatesLee Frost
Mondo Infame ! scope="row"1963ItalyRoberto Bianchi Montero
London in the Raw ! scope="row"1964United Kingdom Arnold L. Miller
Il pelo nel mondo ! scope="row"1964ItalyAntonio Margheriti
Antonio Margheriti
Marco Vicario

Nino Oliviero
a.k.a. Go Go Go World, Mondo Inferno, and Weird, Wicked World
! scope="row"1964United StatesThor L. Brooks
Byron Chudnow
Michael VittesByron Ross
I Malamondo ! scope="row"1964ItalyPaolo CavaraGuido Castaldo
Paolo Cavara
Ugo Gregoretti
Francesco Torti
Le Schiave Esistono Ancora ! scope="row"1964 Teo Usuellia.k.a. Slave Trade in the World Today, There Are Still Slaves in the World
Mondo Balordo ! scope="row"1964ItalyRoberto Bianchi Montero a.k.a. A Fool's World; English version narrated by
L'amore primitivo ! scope="row"1964Italy a.k.a. Primitive Love
I tabù n. 2 ! scope="row"1965ItalyRomolo MarcelliniGiancarlo Del Re a.k.a. Taboos of the World 2, Macabro
! scope="row"1965United Kingdom
The Forbidden ! scope="row"1966 Benjamin Andrews
! scope="row"1966United States The Aladdins
Mondo Freudo ! scope="row"1966United StatesLee Frost
Mondo Bizarro ! scope="row"1966United StatesLee FrostLawrence Von Lattman
The Mystery and the Pleasure ! scope="row"1966United KingdomEdward Stewart Abraham a.k.a. Our Incredible World
Mondo oscenità ! scope="row"1966United StatesJoseph P. MawraErnest Franklin a.k.a. World of Obscenity
! scope="row"1967United StatesRobert Carl Cohen
Mondo Mod ! scope="row"1967United StatesPeter Perry Jr.Sherman Greene
Teenage Rebellion ! scope="row"1967 Norman T. Herman a.k.a. Mondo Teeno
Mondo Daytona ! scope="row"1968United StatesFrank Willard
The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield ! scope="row"1968 Charles Ross
! scope="row"1968ItalyLuigi Scattini
Witchcraft '70 ! scope="row"1969Italy
L'altra faccia del peccato ! scope="row"1969ItalyMarcello Avallone Peppino De Lucaa.k.a. The Queer, the Erotic
Mille peccati... nessuna virtù ! scope="row"1969ItalyPeppino De Lucaa.k.a. Mondo Sex
Inghilterra nuda ! scope="row"1969ItalyVittorio De SistiPino De Martino
a.k.a. Naked England
America così nuda, così violenta ! scope="row"1970ItalySergio MartinoBruno Nicolaia.k.a. Naked and Violent
Dove non è peccato ! scope="row"1970ItalyAntonio Colantuoni a.k.a. Tämä on Suomi
( This is Finland)
Is There Sex After Death? ! scope="row"1971United States
Questo sporco mondo meraviglioso ! scope="row"1971Italy a.k.a. Mondo Cane 2000
! scope="row"1974West GermanyRolf Olsen Uncut run time 94 min.
Journey Into the Beyond ! scope="row"1975West GermanyRolf OlsenPaul RossDon Great
Australia After Dark ! scope="row"1975AustraliaJohn D. Lamond
Notti Porno nel Mondo ! scope="row"1977ItalyBruno MatteiGianni Marchettia.k.a. Mondo Erotica
This Is America ! scope="row"1977United StatesRomano VanderbesEmmanuel Vardia.k.a. Crazy Ridiculous American People (UK), Candid America, Jabberwalk, Shocking America
Brutes and Savages ! scope="row"1978United StatesArthur DavisJenny CravenRiz Ortolani
Mr. Mike's Mondo Video ! scope="row"1979United StatesMichael O'DonoghueMitch GlazerPaul Shaffer
This Is America Part 2 ! scope="row"1980United StatesRomano VanderbesBill MillingEmmanuel Vardi
Days of Fury ! scope="row"1980United StatesFred Warshofsky a.k.a. Doomsday
Des Morts ! scope="row"1981 Jean-Pol Ferbus
Dominique Garny
Thierry Zéno
Alain Pierrea.k.a. Of the Dead; uncut run time 105 min.
Great White Death ! scope="row"1981 Jean-Patrick Lebel Jean Sauvageaua.k.a. Sharks! Pirates of the Deep
The Killing of America ! scope="row"1982 a.k.a. Violence U.S.A. in Japan; uncut run time 90 min.
Dimensione Violenza ! scope="row"1983Italy a.k.a. Savage Zone
Nudo e crudele ! scope="row"1984ItalyBitto Albertini Nico Fidencoa.k.a. Naked and Cruel
! scope="row"1985West GermanyRolf Olsen
Love duro e violento ! scope="row"1985ItalyClaudio Racca
Mondo senza veli ! scope="row"1985ItalyAdalberto Albertini
Forest of Bliss ! scope="row"1986EnglandRobert Gardner, Ákos Östör It is actually an ethnographic film, but it deals exclusively with the cremation customs of Benares (which seem shocking in Western culture).
Noi e l'amore - comportamento sessuale variante ! scope="row"1986ItalyAntonio D’Agostino
Droga sterco di Dio ! scope="row"1987ItalyStelvio Massi
I vizi segreti degli italiani quando credono di non essere visti ! scope="row"1987ItalyCamillo Teti
True Gore ! scope="row"1987United StatesM. Dixon Causey
Faces of Torture ! scope="row"1988United States Larry Fox
! scope="row"1988United Kingdom S. Sebastian Shock a.k.a. Death Faces IV, Dying: Last Seconds of Life, Beyond Reality
Dying: Last Seconds of Life, Part II ! scope="row"1988United KingdomSteve White a.k.a. Beyond Reality 2
Mondo New York ! scope="row"1988United StatesHarvey Keith Luis Perico OrtizUncut run time 83 min.
Death in Focus ! scope="row"1989United StatesElvis Boorman
Empire of Madness ! scope="row"1989United StatesM. Dixon Causey a.k.a. True Gore II
Inhumanities ! scope="row"1989United StatesHarvey Keith
Inhumanities II: Modern Atrocities ! scope="row"1989United StatesWesley EmersonAnthony R. Lovett
Death File ! scope="row"1989JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File 2 ! scope="row"1989JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File 3 ! scope="row"1989JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File 4 ! scope="row"1990JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File 5 ! scope="row"1991JapanSusumu Saegusa
America Exposed ! scope="row"1991United StatesRomano Vanderbes a.k.a. Shocking America 2
New Death File: Fetal Scream ! scope="row"1991JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File: Special Edition - Mediums and the Dead ! scope="row"1992JapanSusumu Saegusa
New Death File II ! scope="row"1992JapanSusumu Saegusa
! scope="row"1993 Andrey Yi
New Death File III ! scope="row"1993JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File: Summary ! scope="row"1994JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File: Red ! scope="row"1994JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File: Yellow ! scope="row"1994JapanSusumu Saegusa
Death File: Black ! scope="row"1994JapanSusumu Saegusa
Executions ! scope="row"1995United Kingdom
Executions II ! scope="row"1995United StatesDavid Herman
Shocking Asia III: After Dark ! scope="row"1995
Death File: Buster - Murders & Executions ! scope="row"1995JapanSusumu Saegusa
Facez of Death 2000 ! scope="row"1996United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr. a.k.a. Faces of Death: The Millennium
Facez of Death 2000: Part Two ! scope="row"1996GermanyLorenzo Munoz Jr. a.k.a. Facez of Death Vol. 2: Dead in Asia
The Ultimate Death Experience ! scope="row"1996United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
You Gotta See This! ! scope="row"1996United StatesJ. Rupert Thompson
Paramedics ! scope="row"1997United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
Paramedics II ! scope="row"1997United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
Shock-X-Treme Vol. 1: Snuff Video ! scope="row"1997United StatesGordon Vein
Absolute Punishment: The Ultimate Death Experience Part 2 ! scope="row"1998United States
Facez of Death 2000: Part Three ! scope="row"1998United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
The Amazing Shocking Asia ! scope="row"1998United StatesGordon Vein a.k.a. Banned from Asia
Facez of Death 2000: Part Four ! scope="row"2000United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
Autopsy: Through the Eyes of Death's Detectives ! scope="row"2001United StatesMichael Kriegsman
Orozco the Embalmer ! scope="row"2001 Kiyotaka Tsurisaki
Mondo Ford ! scope="row"2001United StatesRicardo Fratelli
Vol. 1: A Cause for Concern ! scope="row"2002United StatesRyen McPherson
Bumfights Vol. 2: Bumlife ! scope="row"2003United StatesRyen McPherson
Bumfights Vol. 3: The Felony Footage ! scope="row"2004United StatesRyen McPherson
Man VS Man ! scope="row"2004Italy
! scope="row"2005United StatesAquis Bryant
Terrorists, Killers & Middle-East Wackos ! scope="row"2005United StatesRyen McPherson
Bumfights Vol. 4: Return of Ruckus ! scope="row"2006United StatesRyen McPherson
Shock-X-Treme Vol. 2: Death.com ! scope="row"2006United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
Shock-X-Treme Vol. 3: Gangs of Death ! scope="row"2006United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
Junk Films ! scope="row"2008JapanKiyotaka Tsurisaki
Criminals Gone Wild ! scope="row"2008United StatesOusala Aleem
Hood 2 Hood: The Blockumentary Part II ! scope="row"2008United StatesAquis Bryant
Murder Collection V.1 ! scope="row"2009United StatesFred VogelDon Moore
Fred Vogel
Shelby Vogel
Jerami Cruise
Mondo Sexxxx: The Terry Kobrah Story ! scope="row"2011United StatesLogan Myers
Mondo Delirium ! scope="row"2011ItalyFlavio Sciolè Uncut run time 170 min.
Made in Italy ! scope="row"2012ItalyJephta
Registros Fatais ! scope="row"2012BrazilLázaro Hahn a.k.a. Fatal Records
Registros Fatais 2: Extreme! ! scope="row"2012BrazilLázaro Hahn a.k.a. Fatal Records 2: Extreme!
Shock-X-Treme Vol. 4: Real Fights ! scope="row"2012United StatesLorenzo Munoz Jr.
! scope="row"2012Philippines
Bootleg Death Tape ! scope="row"2012United StatesDustin Ferguson
Registros Fatais 3: Apocalypse ! scope="row"2012BrazilLázaro Hahn a.k.a. Fatal Records 3: Apocalypse
Most Disturbed Person On Planet Earth ! scope="row"2013United StatesThomas Extreme Cinemagore
Hood 2 Hood: The Blockumentary Part III ! scope="row"2013United StatesAquis Bryant
Most Disturbed Person On Planet Earth 2 ! scope="row"2014United StatesThomas Extreme Cinemagore
Occult Holocaust ! scope="row"2014United StatesDustin Ferguson a.k.a. Occult Predator
Faces of Dying ! scope="row"2015United StatesDustin Ferguson
Cibo Di Violenza2015United KingdomBazz Hancher
Mondo Shock2016United StatesDustin Ferguson
Faces of Snuff ! scope="row"2016United StatesVariousVarious
Mondo CANEvese ! scope="row"2016Italy
At the shadow of the tower ! scope="row"2017Italy
Heart of Africa ! scope="row"2018Italy
! scope="row"2018
Criminals Gone Wild 2: Menace II Humanity ! scope="row"2018United StatesOusala Aleem
Most Disturbed Person On Planet Earth III ! scope="row"2019United StatesThomas Extreme Cinemagore
HollyWEIRD ! scope="row"2020United StatesDustin Ferguson
Bootleg Death Tape II ! scope="row"2020United StatesDustin Ferguson
Bootleg Death Tape III ! scope="row"2020United StatesDustin Ferguson
Faces of Dying II ! scope="row"2021United StatesDustin Ferguson
Faces of Dying III: The Final Assault ! scope="row"2021United StatesDustin Ferguson
Mondo Shock 2 ! scope="row"2021United StatesDustin Ferguson


See also


Bibliography
  • RE/Search No. 10: Incredibly Strange Films: A Guide to Deviant Films. RE/Search Publications 1986,
  • Brottman, Mikita: Mondo Horror. Carnivalizing the Taboo. In: Prince, Stephen (ed.) 2004: The horror film. S. 167–188. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. .
  • Goodall, Mark 2006: Sweet & Savage. The World Through the Shockumentary Film Lens. London: Headpress. . (the standard work on the mondo and cannibal genre)
  • Goodall, Mark 2006: Shockumentary Evidence. The perverse politics of the Mondo film. In: Dennison, Stephanie (Hg.) 2006: Remapping world cinema. Identity, culture and politics in film. S. 118–128. London: Wallflower. .
  • Kerekes, David; Slater, David 2006: Killing for culture. Death film from Shockumentaries to snuff. Manchester: Headpress. .
  • Stefano Loparco, 'Gualtiero Jacopetti - Graffi sul mondo'. The first complete biography dedicated to the co-director of 'Mondo cane'. Il Foglio Letterario, 2014 -
  • Shipka, Danny 2011: Perverse titillation. The exploitation cinema of Italy, Spain and France, 1960-1980. Jefferson: Mcfarland. .


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